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d) Analysis by Preferred Stockholders If convertible, interest of preferred stockholders is similar to those of common one. If not, then their interest is similar to that of long-term creditors. Dividend Coverage Ratio: = Net income . Amount of annual preferred dividend Normal Ratio: 5 to 10 Note: Ratios should be used with other elements [...]

Background Technology – the application of science to the everyday Physical World – has, on the whole, changed our lives greatly for the better, particularly since the time of Industrial Revolution. Manufacturing industry, which supplies us with and at the same time creates the wealth, which enables other services to exist, owes its existence to [...]

PORTER’S MODEL OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY Porter’s Model helps a firm to identify threats to its competitive position and to devise plans including the use of IT and e-commerce to protect or enhance that position. Porter identified five forces of competitive rivalry described as under: Threat of potential/new entrants to the sector Threat of substitute product [...]

EXE File Viruses The EXE File Viruses also works the same way in relocating themselves. The main difference in COM File and DOS EXE File is that the COM File starts its execution from the first instruction, whereas the entry point of execution in EXE File can be anywhere in the Program. The entry point [...]

Types of Viruses Partition Table Virus Boot Sector Virus File Viruses How Partition Table Virus Works The Partition Table Code is executed at boot time to choose the Active Partition. Partition Table Viruses embed themselves in the Partition Table of the disk. If the Virus Code is large and cannot be accommodated in the Code [...]

Determining the Sector # from Cluster # Sector # = Cluster # * Sector Per Cluster Following slide shows how the sector number for the MFT on this volume was calculated. The first block of MFT no this volume is 6291456. Disassembling the File MFT Cluster # * 8 = Sector 786432 * 8 = [...]

Starting Sector # for a Cluster Starting Sector = Reserved Sect. + FatSize * FatCopies + (cluster # -2) * size of cluster Now we determine all the parameters in the above slide for a certain volume to translate a cluster number into LSN. So using all this information we calculate the LSN for cluster [...]

MARKETS FOR FACTOR INPUTS (Continued) FACTOR MARKETS WITH MONOPOLY POWER Just as buyers of inputs can have monopsony power, sellers of inputs can have monopoly power. The most important example of monopoly power in factor markets involves labor unions. MONOPOLY POWER OF SELLERS OF LABOR When a labor union is a monopolist, it chooses among [...]

MARKETS FOR FACTOR INPUTS (Continued) EQUILIBRIUM IN A COMPETITIVE FACTOR MARKET A competitive factor market is in equilibrium when the price of the input equates the quantity demanded to the quantity supplied. LABOR MARKET EQUILIBRIUM Wage Wage Competitive Output Market SL = AE Number of Workers EQUILIBRIUM IN A COMPETITIVE OUTPUT MARKET DL(MRPL) = SL [...]

Directory Dump The root directory contains a collection of FCBs. The FCB for the file in question is searched from where the first cluster of the file can be get. Cont… 13AD:12C0 13AD:12D0 13AD:12E0 13AD:12F0 13AD:1300 13AD:1310 13AD:1320 13AD:1330 13AD:1340 13AD:1350 43 50 41 50 45 52 20 20-54 58 54 20 00 9D 7D [...]