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Closing an Application 1. Objectives The objective of this lecture is to provide information about closing Text files and Editor 2. Closing the File To close the file click on the Close button at the title bar 3. Closing the Editor To close the Editor follows any of these. 1- Click on the Close button [...]

Working with Text Editor 1. Objectives The objective of this lecture is to provide information about Working with text editor 2. Basic functions To open a notepad go to Start < All Programs < Accessories < Notepad To save a new file go to File < Save as… To save the text written (modifications) in [...]

Introduction to Text Editing 1. Objectives The objective of this lecture is to provide information about text editing software. 2. Explaining Text Editor Text editor is software that helps in editing text. There are several Text editing soft wares available on internet like Note pad, Text pad etc. Word processor is the advance form of [...]

Security 1. Objectives The objective of this lecture is to provide information about: What is meant by security of computer? Risk associate with computer. Methods of protection against these risks 2. Security Risks There are risks associated with hardware, software, data etc that can cause a big loss to the owner. One should do preventative [...]

Internet 1. Objectives The objective of this lecture is to provide information about: What is meant be Internet? Services available over internet How to access internet? 2. Internet Internet is network of networks. It doesn’t belong to any one and non one runs it. People around the globe access internet via telephone line or satellite. [...]

Software 1. Objectives The objective of this lecture is to provide information about: What software is? Types of software Tasks performed using software. What software version is? 2. Computer Software Software is a set of instructions. It can not be touched. Hardware does not work without software. It gives instructions to hardware to perform some [...]

Hardware 1. Objectives The objective of this lecture is to provide information about: Computer hardware Location where different hardware component are placed in computer Purpose of various hardware components 2. Computer Hardware Hardware refers to the physical elements of a computer. Examples of hardware in a computer are the keyboard, the monitor, the mouse and [...]

Output 1. Objectives The objective of this lecture is to provide the answers to the following questions: What is output? What are the types of output? What are the commonly used devices? 2. Computer Output It means taking something out from computer. 3. Types of Output In general computer output is of 2 types Soft [...]

Input Devices 1. Objectives The objective of this lecture is to provide the answers to the following question: What is a computer mouse? What are its different forms? Some other pointing devices than mouse Input devices for image, sound and video 2. Pointing devices Devices used to point things at the computer screen are called [...]

ECONOMIC ANTHROPOLOGY (continued) THE DISTRIBUTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES Modes of Distribution Economic Anthropologists categorize the distribution of goods and services in three modes; reciprocity, redistribution and market exchange. Based on these three forms of exchange, cultures around the world distribute the goods and services produced by them, in order to ensure the survival of [...]

GROWTH OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL THEORY (continued) French Structuralism: French Structuralism focused on identifying the mental structures that underpin social behavior, drawing heavily on the science of linguistics. Structuralism thought that cognition (based on inherent mental codes) is responsible for culture. Structuralism focused on underlying principles that supposedly generate behavior at the unconscious level rather than observable [...]

THE CONCEPT OF CULTURE AND THE APPLICATION OF CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY Examining Culture We began this course by defining anthropology and its various branches. We also looked at the chief duties of an anthropologist. In this session we will be taking a more detailed look at cultural anthropology and its application. We will also be dissecting [...]

Course Project This will be a group project, consisting of not more than three students per group. Two Parts Part-I outline given in 1st lecture. (about coding) Part-II briefly mentioned in 33rd lecture. (about planning and req definition) Objective: Give a head-start by identifying the work in advance. Approach: Combine both parts. The course project [...]

Constitution Making (1947-56): Constitution is a basic document in the handling of domestic affairs. It sets out the framework for governance and exercise of power. It gives guiding lines of relationships among the federating units. Law making is always within its limits. The modified Government of India Act (1935) became the Interim Constitution of Pakistan [...]

GROUPS IN COUNSELING Specialties in the Practice of Counseling: This lecture and the next ones are linked with the fourth part of the course: Specialties in the practice of counseling. Professional counselors work in many different settings and ways. Because of interest, background, and educational qualifications, many counselors choose to focus on specific populations. Some [...]

COGNITIVE APPROACHES TO COUNSELING In the previous lecture we discussed that Irrational linking may include the invention of upsetting and disturbing thoughts. Ellis (1962) lists 11 common irrational beliefs that can be quite disturbing. These are given below: “I must be perfect or no one will love me!” “I must be thoroughly competent, adequate, and [...]

NEO-FREUDIANS Link to Previous Lecture: Evaluation of Freudian Psychoanalysis Strengths The importance of sexuality and the unconscious in human behavior. The approach lends itself to empirical studies. Freud’s proposals have generated a tremendous amount of research since the early 1900s. Usually psychoanalytic research is based on case histories Provides a theoretical base of support for [...]

Overview of Data Communication NOTE: Chapter 4, 5, 6 deals with the course of DATA COMMUNICATION, which has been studied as a separate, course earlier. So these chapters are just over viewed and can be seen in the third lecture video. It should also be noted that these chapters will contain no assignment, or quizzes [...]

PSYCHOTHERAPIES IN FORENSIC SETTINGS Objectives To understand the basic assumptions of Solution focused Therapy To know about use of miracle questions in Solution Focused Therapy Topic from previous lecture Narrative Therapy Michael White theorized that we all are living out our stories and a criminal’s story is full of aggression and violence. Therapist’s work is [...]

ATTACHMENT Objectives Defining Attachment Understanding Attachment as an adaptive response Understanding Parent-child attachment Describing Attachment Styles & Later Adult Relationships Mini Experiments: Forgiveness (Connection to previous lecture) Gone but not forgiven: If you are contemplating forgiving a person who is no longer alive, or if you cannot locate him or her, use a technique from [...]

RELIGIOSITY & ALTRUISM This module is related with prosocial behavior relevant to interpersonal matters like altruism, gratitude, forgiveness, and flourishing relationships. The first part deals with how empathy and egotism can lead to altruism, gratitude and forgiveness The religiosity section given below is related with the previous lecture. Religiosity: Objectives • Describing the measuring tools [...]

OPTIMISM Objectives Understanding Optimism as explained by Scheier & Carver Describing Childhood Antecedents Understanding the measurement methods of optimism Understanding What Does Optimism Predict? Link to Previous Lecture Extremely Happy & Unhappy People (Diener & Seligman, 2002) In reference to describing happy and unhappy people Diener and Seligman, 2002 described that Individual differences lie in [...]

PSYCHOLOGICAL SKILLS TRAINING: In this lecture we talk about ways of implementing relaxation procedures, energizing strategies, imaging, and hypnosis for the purpose of developing psychological skill. Our primary focus in this regard has been facilitation of athletic performance. Learning how to focus attention, increase self-confidence, and control the debilitating effects of anxiety and worry is [...]

THE ROLE OF HYPNOSIS IN SPORT: Like imagery, hypnosis is a cognitive-behavioral process that has both a cognitive function and a motivational function. In a cognitive sense, hypnosis is used to restructure the way athletes think about themselves and about the way they execute and learn new sport skills. In a motivational sense, hypnosis is [...]

AROUSAL ENERGIZING STRATEGIES: This lecture is a continuation of lecture twenty-three. We have discussed five team energizing strategies in the last lecture. In this lecture we will be looking at four more team energizing strategies, and then we will be looking at some self-energizing strategies. VI. Publicity/Advertising The institutions newspaper and other advertisements can be [...]

AROUSAL ENERGIZING STRATEGIES In the previous lecture we discussed strategies that athletes use to relax and to reduce anxiety and arousal associated with the stress response. In this lecture we are discussing arousal energizing strategies needed to obtain peak performance. People have been looking to the sport psychologist to learn how to maintain optimal levels [...]

ALTERNATIVES TO INVERTED-U THEORY: In the previous lecture we learned that inverted-U theory is the primary theory used by sport psychologists to explain the relationship between anxiety and performance. However, sports psychologists have turned to other more complex theories to explain this relationship. It is believed by many psychologists that the inverted-U theory is a [...]

ANXIETY, AROUSAL, AND STRESS RELATIONSHIPS This lecture is a continuation of lecture eighteen. We were looking at anxiety, arousal, and stress relationship, and had divided this topic into six sections, they were: Differentiating among the terms anxiety, arousal and stress The multidimensional nature of anxiety Antecedents of anxiety Measurement of anxiety Time-to-event nature of precompetitive [...]

ANXIETY, AROUSAL, AND STRESS RELATIONSHIPS: In explaining the relationship between anxiety, arousal, and stress, and their relationship to athletic performance, it is important that we understand a number of conceptual relationships. This topic is divided into six sections, they are: Differentiating among the terms anxiety, arousal and stress The multidimensional nature of anxiety Antecedents of [...]

ATTENTION AND CONCENTRATION IN SPORT: According to William James (1890), attention is the taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought. It Implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others. In sport, nothing can be [...]