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This lecture is a sequel of the previous discussion on ‘Classes’ and ‘Objects’. The use of ‘classes and objects’ has changed our way of thinking. Instead of having function- oriented programs i.e. getting data and performing functions with it, we have now data that knows how to manipulate itself. This way, now the programming is [...]

After discussing functions and playing little bit with function calling, we had elaborated the concept of Arrays. As discussed previously in this lecture, arrays are used to aggregate variables of same data type. We wrote little functions about it and did some exercises e.g., when we wanted to store age of students of our class. [...]

We have so far been dealing with bytes using different data types. In this lecture, we will see what a bit is? Bit is the basic unit of memory. Eight bits form a byte. As you know that data is stored in computers in 0’s and 1’s form. An integer uses four bytes and the [...]

“Shall you be able to help me in collating your notes of the Tikopia observations to-day, sir?” Lewes asked next morning. He rose from the breakfast-table and lit a cigarette. There was no ceremony between Challis and his secretary. “You forget our engagement for ten o’clock,” said Challis. “Need that distract us?” “It need not, [...]

Learning Objectives: After going through this lecture, you would be able to have an understanding of the following topics: Cash Management & Working Capital Financing Cash Dividend Payout Decision: Link between Dividend Policy & Cash Management – Cash Dividends are paid out of Cash! Cash is an idle asset that do not generate any return [...]

Learning Objectives: After going through this lecture, you would be able to have an understanding of the following topics. Stock Betas and Risk SML & Required Returns (CAPM) Stock Prices in Efficient Markets In the previous lecture, we have mentioned that the risk that is relevant in efficient markets where the investors are sensible and [...]

Learning Objectives: After going through this lecture, you would be able to have an understanding of the following topics Portfolio Risk Analysis & Efficient Portfolio Maps Before starting the new concepts we should recap what we have studied in the previous lecture. Recap: Portfolio is a Collection of Investments in different Stocks, Bonds, other Securities [...]

Learning Objectives: After going through this lecture, you would be able to have an understanding of the following topics 2-Stock Portfolio Theory Risk & Expected Return In this lecture, we will continue our discussion on the risk. One of the easiest way of calculating risk using probability is by understanding the chance that are embedded [...]

PROBABILITY GRAPHS AND COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION Learning Objectives: After going through this lecture, you would be able to have an understanding of the following topics Risk for Single Stock Investment Probability Graphs and Coefficient of variation In this lecture, we will continue our discussion on risk and return. This is very important area of financial [...]

Learning Objectives: After going through this lecture, you would be able to have an understanding of the following topics Introduction to Risk Risk and Return for Single Stock Investment Before discussing this important topic we should go through the area of finance which we have studied up till now. Part I (Introduction and Capital budgeting) [...]