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PSYCHOLOGY O F ADJUSTMENT Meaning and Definitions: The dictionary meaning of the word ‘adjustment’ is, to make suitable, adapt, arrange, modify, harmonize or make correspondent. Thus, when we make an adjustment between two thing*, we adapt or modify one or both of them to cui respond to each other In some situations, one of the [...]

CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT Getting the Most from Traditional Assessment Approaches Planning for Testing Both instruction and are most effective when they arc well organized and planned. When you have a gin plan, you are in a better position to judge the tests provided in teachers’ manuals and text* and to write tests yourself. When to Test? [...]

EDUCATING EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN Introduction The word exceptional is used here to mean rare or unusual. li represents a kind of significant deviation from the usual, natural or normal happenings. In this sense, a boy standing seven feet tall would he termed quite a typical, exceptional and above average in a population of Indian adolescents Similar [...]

TEACHING FOR ACADEMIC LEARNING Teacher-Directed Instruction How would you go about identifying the key* to successful Teaching? You might students, principals, college of education, or experienced hers in list the characteristics Rood teachers. Or you could do intensive studies of a few classrooms over a long. You might observe classrooms, rate different teachers on certain [...]

CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT The Need for Organization Knowledge and expertise in classroom n limy mi ill are marks of expertise in teaching; stress and exhaustion from managerial difficulties are precursor’s bum- in leaching (Fawner & Plough. 20011. What is ii classroom that make management so critical? Classes lire particular kinds of environments. They have distinctive features [...]

APTITUDE Meaning and Nature of Aptitude It is an observable tact that people differ from one another and within themselves in their performance in one or ihc other field of human activity such as leadership, music art mechanical work, teaching etc. Rarnexh a commercial institute (o learn typing and shorthand. He makes rapid progresses and [...]

Memory, Remembering and Forgetting What is Memory? Learning occupies a very significant place in one’s life. It is the basis not only of the development and progress of human society but also of its survival. Learning, however, would be futile if its products cannot be utilized by us in the Future. Whatever is learned needs [...]

NATURE AND THEORIES OF LEARNING: Learning occupies a very important place in our life. Most of what we do or do not do is influenced by what we learn and how we learn it. Learning, therefore, provides a key to the structure of our personality and behavior. An individual starts learning immediately after his birth [...]

PSYCHOLOGY OF MOTIVATION What is motivation? We see a girl getting bruises and cuts and quite often falling down while learning cycling, but she tries to improve her perform an e by continued practice. Similarly, an athlete may be seen to rise quite early in t e morning and regularly visit the track or field [...]

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES & HABIT FORMATION Socialization: Family, Peers, and Teachers Socialization is the process by which the mature members of a society, such as parents, and teachers, inf1ucncc the belief and behaviors of children, enabling them to fully participate in and contribute to the society. In this section we will consider three of the most [...]

THE WORK OF ERIKSON: Like Piaget, Erik Erikson did not start out as a psychologist. In fact, Erikson never graduated from high school He-spent his early adult years studying art and traveling around Europe. A meeting with Sigmund Freud in’ Vienna led to an invitation from Freud to study psychoanalysis. In his influential Childhood and [...]

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT A Definition of Development The term development in its most general psychological sense refers to certain changes that occur in human beings or animals between conception and death. The term is mostly applied to all changes, hut rather to those that appear in orderly ways and remain for a long period 0f time. [...]

SYSTEMS OR SCHOOLS OF PSYCHOLOGY AND THEIR BEARING ON EDUCATION Introduction As we have already seen psychology owes its origin to philosophy. However, as time elapsed psychologists attempted to discard the approaches and methods based on speculation and provided a scientific base to the subject for the study of behavior. These efforts gave birth to [...]

METHODS OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY Introduction Educational Psychology is the scientific study of the behavior of the learner in relation to his educational environment. Behavior in all its aspects can be studied scientifically through a single technique or approach known as observation. This leads us to the simple conclusion that observation may be regarded as the [...]

INTRODUCTION Do teachers make a difference in student’s learning? What characterizes good teaching? Only when you are aware of the challenges and possibilities of teaching and learning then you can appreciate the contributions of educational psychology. How can principles identified by educational psychologists benefit the teachers, therapists, parents, and others who are interested in teaching [...]