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MARK UP ON CAPITAL AND DRAWINGS

The partnership agreement may include one or both of the following clauses:

1. Partners are charged interest on drawings (this may be on the total amount of the current account balance or on the amount exceeding a specific limit, depending upon the terms of agreement).
2. Partners are given interest on their capital (again this can be on the total amount of the capital or the amount exceeding a specific figure).

Reasons for Interest On Capital

The profit/loss sharing ratio may not be equal despite of the fact that partners have contributed equal amount of capital, depending upon the partnership agreement. Take the following example: Two partners start a business and contribute equal capital and decide to share equal profits. But they also realize that in future the business may need further capital and at that time both partners may not be able to contribute equally. So, instead of revising the contract every time, they include a clause in the agreement, whereby, the partners are allowed an interest on the capital contributed. This interest can be on the whole amount of both partners or only of one partner on the amount contributed in excess of the other partner. This way a partner, who provides capital in excess of his profit sharing ratio, can be compensated. One may say that the same results can be achieved by saying that profit and loss sharing will be proportionate to the amount of capital invested. But, as we have said that in partnership everything depends on the Partnership Agreement.

Reasons for Interest On Drawings

Drawings are opposite to capital invested i.e. these are the funds drawn by partners from the business. Therefore, in order to keep the distribution of profit fair, a clause may be inserted in the agreement, where an interest is charged on the drawings of the partners. Again, this can be on the total amount or on an amount exceeding a specific limit. Both of the above things depend upon the agreement between partners.

Accounting Treatment

One may think that as Interest on Capital is paid to the partners, so it should be treated as business expense and Interest on Drawings is charged from the partners, therefore, it should be treated as income. But this is not the case. Just like partners salaries, both these items will be included in the Profit and Loss Appropriation Account. Partners’ salaries, interests etc. are never treated as expense or income of the business. They are a part of DISTRIBUTION OF PROFIT.

Exceptions

Rent paid to partner for use of his premises, purchase of stocks, assets or other items for use in business, Markup on loan from partner are the exceptions. All these expenses are charged to profit & loss account of the partnership firm.

Accounting Entries

Interest on Capital

Debit: Profit and Loss Appropriation Account Credit: Partner A’s Current Account Credit: Partner B’s Current Account Credit: Partner C’s Current Account

Interest on Drawings

Mr. Abid is a partner in a partnership firm. His capital on July 1, 2001 was Rs. 200,000. He invested further capital of Rs. 100,000 on March 1, 2002.

You are required to calculate his mark up. Mark up rate is 5%. The financial year is from July to June.

Solution

Rs. 200,000 was invested in the beginning of the year and extra capital was invested on 1^st March. So, from March onward, the capital is Rs. 300,000 (200,000 + 100,000). We will calculate mark up on Rs. 200,000 for 12 months, i.e., from July to June. Mark up on 100,000 will be for 4 months, i.e., from March to June.

Mark up is calculated as follows:

200,000 x 5% = 10,000 = 10,000.00 100,000 x 5% = 15,000 x 4/12 = 1666.67 Total Mark Up 11,666.67

Example # 2

Mr. Naeem is a partner in a partnership firm. He drew following amount during the financial year:

Rs. September 1 3,000 November 1 5,000 January 1 4,000 March 1 5,000 June 1 2,000

You are required to calculate Mark up on his drawings, if the rate of mark up is 5%. The financial year is from July to June,

Solution

3,000 x 5% = 150 x 10/12 = 125.00 5,000 x 5% = 250 x 8/12 = 166.67 4,000 x 5% = 200 x 6/12 = 100.00 5,000 x 5% = 250 x 4/12 = 83.33 2,000 x 5% = 100 x 1/12 = 8.33

Total Mark Up 483.33

Example # 3

Atif, Babar and Dawar are three partners sharing profits equally. You are required to prepare profit and loss appropriation account and extract from balance sheet, showing partners capital and current accounts from the following information:

• Net profit for the year Rs. 558,000
• Opening balance of Capital accounts Atif Rs. 500,000, Babar Rs. 600,000, Dawar Rs. 400,000
• Opening balance of Current Account Atif Rs. 55,800, Babar Rs. 63,820, Dawar Rs. 20,555.
• Salaries to be paid to Babar Rs. 10,000, Dawar Rs. 12,000.
• Drawings during the year Atif Rs. 180,000, Babar Rs. 220,000 Dawar Rs. 151,000
• Mark up on Capital @ 5% and Mark up on drawings are: Atif Rs. 9,000, Babar Rs. 11,000 and Dawar Rs. 7,550.

Solution

Profit & Loss Appropriation Account Admission of A Partner

When a new partner join the business, old agreement of partnership is modified or a new agreement is prepared. This new agreement contains new ratios in which partners share profit and loss in new set up. At the admission of a new partner, all the assets and liabilities of the old business are revalued in order to know the exact worth of the business. Goodwill of the business is also revalued. The value (in monetary terms) of the reputation of the business is called GOODWILL. It is an intangible asset.

Dissolution of A Firm

When a partnership is dissolved, all the liabilities of the firm are paid, out of the assets of the firm, available at the time of dissolution. The remaining amount after paying all the liabilities, if available, will be distributed among the partners in their profit loss sharing ratios. If assets of the firm are not sufficient to pay all the liabilities of the firm, the partners will contribute the balance amount in their profit/loss sharing ratios to meet the liabilities of the firm.